Petrochemical processes

Petrochemical processes. generally through three stages, namely:

1. Change the oil and gas into petrochemical ingredients
2. Changing the basic petrochemical materials into intermediate products, and
3. Changing the intermediate products into final products that can be utilized.

Almost all petrochemical products derived from the three basic types
of materials, namely:

     Olefin (alkene-alkene)

     Olefin is the most important ethene (etilina), propene (propylene), butene (butylene) and butadiene.

     CH2 = CH2 CH2 = CH - CH3

     ethylene propylene

     CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 CH2 = CH - CH = CH2

     butylene butadiene
     Aromatic (benzene and its derivatives)

     Aromatic most important is benzene (C6H6), totuena (C6H5CH3) and xylene (C6H4 (CH3) 2
     Synthesis gas

     Synthetic gas called syn-gas which is a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). Syn-gas made ​​from natural gas or LPG reaction through a process called reforming or partial oxidation stean.

     Stean reforming reaction: CH4 (g) H2O → CO (g) 3H2 (g)

     Partial oxidation reaction: 2CH4 (g) O2 → 2CO (g) 4H2 (g)

Petrochemicals from Olefins

Here are some of the petrochemical ethylene olefin with basic ingredients:

     polyethylene

     Polyethylene is the most widely produced plastic are used as plastic bags and plastic wrappers / trash.
     PVC

     PVC is a plastic that is polivinilkiorida pipe makers (pralon).
     ethanol

     Ethanol is an everyday material we know as the alcohol used for fuel or among other products.

     Alcohol is made from ethylene:

     CH2 = CH2 H2O → CH3 - CH2OH
     Ethylene glycol or glycols

     Glycol is used as an antifreeze in a car radiator in cold climates.
 
Here are some of the petrochemical olefins with propylene base material.
Polypropylene

Polypropylene plastic is stronger than polyethylene. Type of polypropylene plastic used for plastic bags and a plastic strap.
glycerol

This substance is used as an ingredient in cosmetics (moisturizers), the food industry and the materials to make explosives (nitroglycerine)
isopropyl alcohol

This substance is used as the main material for petrochemical products such as acetone (a solvent, for example, to dissolve Kutek)

Petrochemical manufacturing using basic materials such as butadiene synthetic rubber is SBR (styrene-butadilena-rubber) and nylon -6.6, while those using the basic ingredients are isobutylene MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether)